What is uptime and why does it matter?

Uptime refers to the amount of time a system, service, or application remains operational and accessible to users. It's typically expressed as a percentage of total time over a given period. For example, 99.9% uptime means a service is expected to be available 99.9% of the time.

Uptime is a critical metric for any online service because it directly impacts user experience, business revenue, and brand reputation. When a website or application goes down, users can't access it, transactions fail, and trust erodes. For e-commerce sites, even minutes of downtime during peak hours can translate to thousands of dollars in lost sales.

What is an SLA?

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a formal contract between a service provider and its customers that defines the expected level of service. The uptime percentage is one of the most important metrics in any SLA. Cloud providers, hosting companies, and SaaS vendors typically guarantee a specific uptime percentage, and if they fail to meet it, customers may be entitled to service credits or refunds.

Understanding the "Nines" of availability

The industry uses a shorthand called "nines" to describe availability levels:

Availability Name Annual Downtime Monthly Downtime
99% Two Nines 3 days 15 hr 7 hr 12 min
99.9% Three Nines 8 hr 45 min 43 min 11 sec
99.95% Three and a Half Nines 4 hr 22 min 21 min 35 sec
99.99% Four Nines 52 min 33 sec 4 min 19 sec
99.999% Five Nines 5 min 15 sec 25.92 sec
99.9999% Six Nines 31.54 sec 2.59 sec

Each additional "nine" represents a 10x improvement in availability but typically requires exponentially more investment in infrastructure, redundancy, and operational practices.

How is downtime calculated?

Downtime is calculated as the inverse of uptime. If a service has 99.9% uptime, the allowed downtime is 0.1% of the total time period. The formula is:

Allowed Downtime = Total Period × (100% - Uptime%)

For example, with 99.9% uptime over a year:

  • Total period: 365 days = 525,600 minutes
  • Downtime percentage: 0.1% = 0.001
  • Allowed downtime: 525,600 × 0.001 = 525.6 minutes ≈ 8.77 hours

Tool description

This Uptime SLA Calculator helps you convert between uptime percentages and allowed downtime across different time periods. It supports two calculation modes:

  1. Uptime to Downtime: Enter an uptime percentage (like 99.9%) and instantly see the maximum allowed downtime per day, week, month, and year.

  2. Downtime to Uptime: Enter your acceptable downtime in minutes for a specific period, and the calculator will show you what uptime percentage that represents.

This bidirectional approach makes it easy to plan SLAs from either direction—whether you're setting targets based on industry standards or working backward from operational constraints.

Examples

Example 1: Three Nines (99.9%) Uptime

  • Input: 99.9% uptime
  • Output:
    • Daily: 1 minute 26 seconds
    • Weekly: 10 minutes 4 seconds
    • Monthly: 43 minutes 11 seconds
    • Yearly: 8 hours 45 minutes

Features

  • Bidirectional calculation: Convert uptime percentage to downtime or downtime to uptime percentage
  • Multiple time periods: View downtime allowances for daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly periods simultaneously
  • Precise calculations: Handles high-precision percentages up to six nines (99.9999%) and beyond
  • Human-readable output: Displays results in the most appropriate units (seconds, minutes, hours, or days)
  • Real-time updates: Results update instantly as you type

Use cases

  1. SLA negotiations: When negotiating contracts with cloud providers or hosting companies, quickly understand what different uptime guarantees actually mean in terms of acceptable downtime.

  2. Infrastructure planning: Determine the redundancy and failover capabilities needed to achieve a target uptime percentage based on your maintenance windows and expected incident response times.

  3. Incident post-mortems: After an outage, calculate how the downtime affects your SLA compliance for the month or year and determine remaining downtime budget.

  4. Comparing service providers: Evaluate different vendors by translating their uptime guarantees into concrete downtime numbers that are easier to compare and understand.

  5. Setting realistic targets: Work backward from your team's operational capabilities (maintenance schedules, deployment windows, incident response time) to determine what uptime percentage you can realistically promise to customers.